“This week, we’re building on our Storylines video from last we about identifying the various social movements that occurred during your ancestor’s lifetime. This week we have 3 tips for connecting those social movements to your ancestors story to craft a deeper more compelling story.
Watch today’s Storylines to learn how to tap into social history and historical context to fill in the gaps in your knowledge about your ancestor. Discover how to bring a deeper, more meaningful and whole story to your readers.
In our last instalment of setting and social history, we talked about how setting can be a key component in our stories especially when we view it as a character in our family history stories.
Today, we will look at mapping our setting. We will look at the purpose of a map as a tool in writing our family history stories. I’ll show you how I created my own setting map for guiding my writing. There are three features I like to keep in mind when creating my setting map; the main setting, beyond the central location and the activities and occupation that provide the movement throughout the setting. Let’s get started by looking at each one of these key elements.
Your Main Setting
In most cases, the primary setting of your story will take place in a city, town or village. However, your story could be on a ship or any other of many locations. Regardless of where your setting is taking place, we need to include all the internal buildings and places within the setting. For example your ancestor’s home, his place of work, where he worships and where he gathers with other towns people to visit.
Beyond the Central Location
You’ll also want to consider what is beyond the central location. For example, if your story takes places in a small town is it surrounded by lakes, forests, swamps or is it a city surrounded by industry or a ship surrounded by water.
Activities and Occupation
If your ancestor was a farmer, (we have a lot of those in our research), then details of how he performed his job and how he moved about in his day to day activities is very much a part of your story setting. Describing the physical characteristics of a farm, the land, the buildings and so on is one aspect of the setting. Explaining how to fix a broken wagon or harvest the crops in the field is also an element of your story setting. How did your ancestor move about to school, church, and get the groceries? Where were these places located in relationship to your ancestor’s home?
Creating setting map can be very helpful when writing your family history stories and dealing with the location and activities of your ancestor. They can aid your writing in many ways.
Maps can enable the tracking of your ancestor’s location throughout the story.
As your ancestor moves about, from his job to home and church or the grocery store, it’s important to know where each of these locations is located in the story setting. Place them on your map as a visual tool.
Your map can help to reflect on your ancestor’s awareness of their surroundings.
As you move your ancestor through their activities, your map can help you develop an awareness of your ancestor’s surroundings.
A setting map can act as a tool for measuring your ancestor’s movement from point a to point b.
As you write your ancestor’s tale, he’ll have to move from one location to the next physically. Your map can help you with that. What’s the distance, does he walk, ride a horse, take a boat. This might lead to some further research to answer these questions.
A setting map can help you describe your ancestor’s journey and the world to your reader.
Your setting map will allow you to consider what your ancestor is doing at the place he is on the map and what do the surroundings look like? How is he interacting with his surroundings? Whether it is a short journey to the neighbour’s house or a long journey across the ocean, a map can guide you through writing those details into your stories.
A setting map can help you to visualise the scene and the proximity of your ancestor to other characters and places.
With the movement of your ancestors, they will come in contact with other characters in the story and other locations. Your setting map will make it easier to know when they are within the proximity of greeting another character or hearing the church bells ring.
First, you have to take the time to get to know your story setting through research and then as you are discovering the setting or after you’ve completed your research you can create a map of the setting. I like to create the map while I’m researching.
Here’s an example from my research. The town of Stratford is the setting for the story I’m currently investigating. It’s important for me to understand where some key places are located as my main character/ancestor makes his way about town.
As I went about doing my research this summer, I created a map. I uncovered clues and mentions of various places that allowed me to put them on the map. Keep in mind my story is set in 1847, so I need to research and understand what Stratford looked like during this time.
The local museum had a map that is from the period of my story. They allowed me to take a digital picture of the map. I then uploaded the picture to Evernote. This is where it got fun.
This summer, as I worked through my setting and social history research each time I uncovered the location of an important place I marked it on the map. I did this right inside Evernote. In Evernote, I used the annotate feature and created a key with coloured dots, so I have an easy reference to where various places are within the setting. Once I start to write, as I move my ancestor through the story, I can quickly reference where he is on the map and what the surroundings look like and how he might be interacting with those surroundings.
Also in this Evernote note, I created internal links to the information and pictures that I have for each location making it very easy to not only find the place on the map but to find my description notes within my research notebook.
Of course, this is only one of many ways to create a setting map. You certainly can sketch a map out if you like or use mind map programs, you are only limited by your imagination. Here’s an example of a setting map done with Prezi for The Great Gatsby.
Regardless of how you build your map or your map’s purpose, I hope you’ll consider including a map among your writing tools as a means to keeping your family history story on the right path.
When beginning any family history story, we look carefully at our ancestors as we attempt to understand and describe them for our reader. We develop an ancestor profile of them drawing details out of our research so that we can bring the most authentic ancestor to the page for our readers.
The same can be said for the setting of our family history story. The setting can be a character in our story. If we treat the setting like a character, we are more likely to bring that setting to life for your reader in a big way, in a way that adds to the story. However, before that can happen, we must complete some in-depth research.
Authentic Ancestors 2
It’s important to take the time to get to know your ancestor’s world. It’s not enough just to know the year and location of your story. We need to know details about the setting to bring the personality of the setting to the page. If there are several settings in your story, then it’s necessary to give this in-depth attention to all of them. Our goal is to be able to give the story setting a heart and soul, and for the writer to be able to show how the characters in our story are influenced by the setting.
When we take the time upfront to create not just a setting but an atmosphere we accomplish two things: first the reader will feel connected to your story; and second, the setting and your ancestor will feel more real, authentic, and understood through the descriptions and details of their surroundings.
The setting can also have a significant influence on your ancestor and their backstory. Was the setting a friend or foe to your ancestor? Did it change their behaviour and choices?
The setting comes alive partly in its details and partly in the way that our ancestor experiences and interacts with their surroundings and what is going on around them. Together they deliver a sense of place.
When we head out to research the setting of our family history story, consider the following 10 tips to better recreate the most specific and telling setting in our story.
No. 1
Look for the essential features of the location as you begin your research. The obvious physical attributes of the place, amenities, landmarks, gathering spots, etc. The more specific the details the more authentic the story feels.
No. 2
Keep your eyes open for major and concrete and specific details of the houses, the roads, the weather.
No.3
Look for what is remarkable about the setting and what is not in the surroundings. Are there things that are common place to the setting and yet other things that stand out and not common. It is the uncommon features that make the setting unique and memorable.
No. 4
Consider the history of the setting and how its back story may have influenced its current personality. Just like characters in a story, settings can have a back story, a history that occurred before your ancestor arrived. That history may strongly influence its personality and behaviour.
No. 5
Who are the major personalities in the setting? Whether your setting is a town, street, etc. there are often major personalities who inflict their thoughts and ideas on to the setting. How do they contribute to its history and how the town thinks and acts? In my story, there are two major town personalities who conflict to be the town leader and major influence. The personalities in the setting can greatly infect your ancestor’s thinking.
No. 6
Consider the local culture. What cultures make up this setting how are they reflected in the environment. What flavour and uniqueness do they bring to the setting. How do we see, hear, smell, touch and taste these cultures in our setting? Where does your ancestor stand within the cultural context of the setting? For example, the culture of my setting includes Irish, Scots and Germans.
No. 7
Is there a socioeconomic divide within your setting? How and why? Where does your ancestor stand within that divide? Are they on the right-side or wrong-side of the tracks?
No. 8
What is the political makeup of the setting and where does your ancestor position himself within that framework? For example, in my current story, there is a clear political divide between the Irish Protestant and the Irish Catholics. An age-old conflict carried over from the old country.
No. 9
It can’t be overstated the importance of specificity in your setting. Look for specific names and details of the setting. Use street names of local businesses that exist in that area. For instance, my ancestor visits a general story on a regular basis. Don’t just call it the general store. What is the name of the store, who operates it, what sits in its front window? What types of items would be in this store at this time? What would my ancestor have bought there? The more specific the details, the more realistic your story becomes.
No. 10
Consider the location of your setting—weather, climate, geography, topography. Does this place create physical conflicts for your ancestor? For instance, the roads in my ancestor’s story present a challenge for my ancestors. As well, the town is built on swamp land so mosquitos present a challenge as does stepping outside your door and being met with wolves. On the plus side, the deer are plentiful. These are all important to our ancestor’s day to day challenges and how they interact with their setting and how their surroundings influence them. Does the weather, geography or topography of the setting make your ancestor’s life easier or harder?
Research your setting with the same care and detail you research your ancestor. Find the personality of the setting. How does this setting influence both to you as a writer and to your ancestor?What is the meaning of the setting? This meaning may become significant in how you portray the setting in your story, as an ally or antagonist and may offer some help in developing your theme. You also will want to consider how your ancestor’s position within the setting and local community affects their evolution and journey throughout the story?
Now that we have our social history and setting research list ready to go it’s time to head out for our to archives to begin our setting and social history research. I’ve gathered together some advice that has helped me in my archives visits and making the most of my time and staying focused and productive.
Do Email the Archives Ahead of Time –Â It only takes a minute and will go along way in making the most of your time when you arrive. It gives the researchers at the archives an opportunity to source out what they have for you. Sean at Stratford Perth Archives was very accommodating. He asked for the list of books that I had sourced out to see how many of them they had. When I arrived, Sean knew who I was, and we were able to dive right in.
Stratford Perth Archives
Don’t Assume all Archives are the Same – On your first trip take some time to get acquainted with the Archives. Sean was outstanding in giving me a tour. He laid out their policies very clearly in advance so I knew what I could and couldn’t do. Every archive is a little bit different, for instance, some allow pictures others do not. Make sure you know the policies before you begin.
Do Ask Questions – Don’t be afraid to ask questions. Not all archives are as forthcoming with information as
 the Stratford Perth Archives. Ask questions if you’re unsure of their policies. If you don’t know where to find something or how to load that darn microfilm reader. No one expects you to come into a new archive and know everything they have or even the history of the area. The researchers are there to help you, make the most of their knowledge.
Do Create a Notetaking System – Decide in advance how you plan to take notes while at the archives. Stick to that plan. Nothing is more confusing than using one method one visit and something different the next. I grab my iPad and make notes right into Evernote. I create a new note for each topic on my list.
Don’t Forget to Record the Book Details – Make sure to each note you record all the necessary details to create a citation or bibliography later. It only takes a minute. Make it a habit each time you pick up a book.
Do Check out the Bibliography – Check out the bibliography and references in each book you consult for further resources you may not have on your list. I keep a note pad beside me and I jot down anything that comes across that might suggest another book or resource look at or a new topic I may need to add to my to-do research list.
Don’t Expect to Get it all Done in One Trip – Pace yourself and set up a schedule for subsequent visits. I’m visiting the Perth Stratford Archives every Tuesday for the summer until I feel I have exhausted their resources.
Don’t be Afraid to Research and Write at the Same Time – I mentioned how important it is to plan your story out before you begin your research. It will help you build your checklist. Don’t be afraid to start writing even while you are still researching. You may not have all the details that you need, but you can certainly leave a marker in your text where more details are needed. If you haven’t already identified that detail on your research list, then you can add it now. You will identify more items as you write. It is good to know you can add them to your list and pick them up on the next visit.
Perth Stratford Museum
Do Take Breaks – Pack yourself a lunch and drinks and take breaks. Keep in mind you can’t eat or drink in the Archives. Some may provide a room for you but if you’re researching in the summer take advantage of the beautiful weather and step outside to get refreshed and re-focused. You’ll be much more productive if you keep your energy up. Step outside get some sunshine take in some energy and go back at it refreshed and focused. I find after a few hours of research my mind begins to wander. On my first visit, I checked out the Perth Archives Museum which offered me some good information. One my second trip, I took a drive to where my ancestor’s land would have been and next week I’m going to visit the tourist office to seek out some walking tours.
Do Start with General History of the Area – I like to start my first visit with the general history of the area. What is the town’s history? How did the town originate? While the city history may or may not become part of your story, it is like any good character you need to understand its backstory, its history to portray it accurately in your story. (Psst. Next week’s post how to research your setting like a character in your story.)
Do Evaluate What Needs to Be Done at the Archives and What Can Be Done From Home. As you work through your list, it might become apparent that some books are available online or for purchase or in a library. This allows you to do some of your social history and setting research from home.
Do Check the Index of Each Book for Items on Your Research List – Before I put a book back on the shelf, I check the index for anything else in the book that maybe on my checklist, like places, names, events, etc. I don’t want to keep revisiting these books, so I prefer to pull a book from the shelf start with the general history and then look for the specifics, of names, places and events, etc. that are on my list.
Do Re-evaluate Your List After Each Research Trip – After each trip, I re-evaluate my list. Did I accomplish anything on the list? Do I have enough research on it that I can check it off the list? What is my game plan for my next visit? I then create a smaller to-do list for my next trip. I like to do this immediately following my day either that evening when I get home or even before I leave while it’s all still fresh in my mind.
Be sure to read the other posts in this series:
My Summer of Setting and Social history – World Building
8 Tips to a Social History Plan
I’m getting ready to head to my ancestor’s town next week, but before I go, it’s important to have a research plan in place. Just as you would use a research plan for your genealogy research, you also want to identify a plan for the local and social history research you need to write your family history stories.
I’ve already plotted out my story. For those of you who haven’t taken our plotting course or read Finding the Story Workbook #3, this just means I have outlined my story from beginning to end in great detail. By taking the time to plan my story, it helps tremendously in identifying the local and social history research I need to complete my story. Plotting your story in advance eliminates you from spending a lot of time researching topics that are not pertinent to your story. Your research will be more focused and purposeful.
Next, I spent some time on the internet looking at the various resources available for my visit. I’ve identified some resources available including Perth OGS, Perth/Stratford Archives and The Stratford Museum operated by the Stratford Historical Society. There is also the Stratford Heritage Society which operates the Fryfogel Inn, and I’ve also identified some walking tours through the Stratford Tourism that I think might help me to put some context to the town and the community. I won’t be able to cover all of these identified resources on one trip, so I’m creating a plan and a priority list as it’s probably going to take several visits to complete my research; all the more reason I need a plan. The plan might also need to be adjusted once scope out these locations when I arrive.
Here are eight steps I’ve identified in preparing for a research trip of local and social history research for your family history story.
Start a comprehensive list of research topics. I like to keep this list easily accessible, you can keep it either in a notebook, or my preference is to use Scrivener or Evernote. Evernote being my first choice.
Some research topics may be pretty broad. Take the time to think of any offshoot topics. List them under original items.
Not every research topic will be crucial to your story, some will carry more weight than others. Reorganise your topics and subtopics by their level of importance. This way you will optimise your time on the more important issues. As well, some topics might be covered very quickly while others might take some time.
Each topic should be on your research list because they have the potential to add value to your story. Realise why you’ve chosen to include each subject in your research time. Don’t waste your time researching topics that don’t serve your story. This is why identifying your story plotline is important before you begin this research.
List what you want to learn about each topic, so you have a clear goal in mind. When you have a goal, it becomes easy to identify when you’ve achieved your goal, and it’s time to move on to the next item on your list. Too often researchers have trouble finishing the research, never getting to the writing. Identify the end game so you know and when it’s time to move on. You also have to know when some research just may not be available. Don’t make your quest for local and social history research an excuse never to get to the writing.
Before I write a story, I create a Story Box. A story box is basically a container where I pull all my research for a particular story into one place. I create a binder in Evernote for my Story Box. I add all the current documents and information into this binder. The Story Box makes it easy to find and quickly access anything you need about the story you are writing. Don’t spent valuable writing time looking for stuff. You can make a digital story box or tactile one, using an actual box. I like a digital box. I use Evernote because I’ll have everything I need wherever my research physically takes me. I can access it from my laptop, ipad or iphone and it’s cloud storage so there is no worry of losing it to a computer crash. Now as I begin my local and social history research anything I learn will also be included in my Evernote binder. In this Evernote Binder, I’ve also included my local and social history research checklist. If you don’t know how to make a research checklist in Evernote, you can check out my video below.
Once you’ve identified your research topics, you’ll want to consider how you are going to proceed with your research. The more organised and planned you are the more productive your research time will be. Schedule your research days on a calendar regardless of whether they are online or in an archive. How much time per day do you plan to spend doing this research? Set yourself a deadline to complete your research with realistic expectations. Without a deadline, you’ll research forever.
I’ve determined I’m starting with the Perth/Stratford Archives. I’ve sent off an email letter to them letting them know the day I am coming and what I will be looking for on that day.
My research plan is arranged by priority; what I feel is most relevant to the story –where I want to start. My first focus will be on creating a map of Stratford in 1847 and locating the list of businesses and homes that I’ve identified. Hopefully, I will also come up with some general information, description or even a photograph for these places. This will help me to describe them in my story. I’m dealing with a very early time so photographs will be a long shot but some of the businesses may still have existed later, or an advertisement in a Gazetteer might exist to help get a perspective on the business.
I’m also going to start my research with the political climate in Stratford and Perth area at the time. It’s an essential element to my story. In my Google search, I’ve discovered that the Stratford Archives holds the council minutes for North Easthope (this is the township my ancestor lived in on the outskirts of Stratford). The council minutes begin in 1843 so I’m going to start there and well as many other resources that may help me with my list. You will also note that I’ve identified on my research checklist a list of books that may offer some insights into the local and social history of the time. I’ll keep an eye out for these in each archive I visit.
Keep in mind as you begin your research that your plan may change as more information and resources may open up to you and others may fall away because they just aren’t available. Remain flexible. However, a plan remains essential to identifying the research you need to help you bring that story to life on the page and keep you focused and on track.
I’ve been thinking a lot about my ancestor’s world as of late as I prepare to write the story of my 4th great grandfather. John Phelan immigrated from Kilkenny, Ireland to Stratford, Ontario in 1833. I’m not going to give away the plot, but I will tell you that it takes place in Stratford, Ontario in 1847. It revolves around 2-3 days and involves many of the local townspeople. Before I sit down to write I need to have a clear picture of what Stratford looked like in 1847, I want to understand the personality of this community and its people. I want my readers to experience Stratford in 1847, I want it to be as authentic as possible. So, in a few weeks time, I’m heading to Stratford for a little local and social history research. I’ll keep you posted. But let’s take a look at some of setting elements I’m going investigate while in Stratford to help build my ancestor’s world.
If you’re writing your family history stories, then you’re probably aware of the importance setting plays in writing stories. By giving great detail and description to the setting we bring that world to life for the reader, drawing them deeper into a different place and time and making the ancestor’s life and the event we are recreating on the page come to life for the reader.
Too often we rely on the old standbys to create story setting, reliables like landscape, architecture, rooms, furniture, and the climate is predictable in a story setting.
Unfortunately, too many writers stop there when there is likely a lot more detail and description that we might be able to include to paint a clearer more realistic and accurate picture of our ancestor’s life.
Let’s push beyond the obvious and consider some other aspects of our ancestor’s world that could help bring the setting to the page for the reader.
A little research into the local and social history of your ancestor’s part of the world can help to reveal how some of these elements were a part of their world. Now by now means is this a complete list. You can find a much more extensive list in Authentic Ancestors. But it is a great representation that can help us push beyond the standard description of their surroundings, dig a little deeper to truly understand the world they were living in and build that world with confidence for your reader. Look at your library, online libraries, historical societies, genealogical centres, newspapers, letter and diaries and city directories to help you flesh out the setting and social history details.
Recently I spent some time on Amazon looking for local and social history books for my upcoming writing project. I found some great resources, but they shouldn’t take the place of visiting the archives and museums of the local areas that your ancestor lived. Don’t just use one resource but a variety to build your ancestor’s world.
Here are some of my recent discoveries on Amazon.
These first two are going to help me out a great deal with my upcoming project.
The Backwoods of Canada, (download to Kindle for .99)
I also stumbled upon this a series of books called A Writer’s Guide to Everyday Life, each book addresses a different time period. I thought they might come in handy for some of you.
Everyday Life in Colonial America
Everyday Life in the Middle Ages
Everyday Life in the Wild West
Everyday Life During the Civil War
Everyday Life from Prohibition through to World War II
Everyday Life in Renaissance England
( I do receive a small compensation from Amazon if you purchase through one of these links.)
Now, we’ve offered up lots of ideas. Of course, we don’t want to overdo it. We might have to pick and choose which details and descriptions best suit our story. It’s up to you to decide what will ultimately serve your story and reader. We can’t include it all, but it’s nice to know we have options. Take some time before you write to research and learn what setting options are available to you so that you can build your ancestor’s world with authenticity.
When you write a family history story, you rely heavily on social history to fill in the descriptions and details of your ancestor’s life. Most likely the details we are talking about won’t be found in your genealogy research. We have to look outside of our genealogy research for these details. We have to turn our attention to social history along with the world, regional and local history of the day.
In our previous post, we began a discussion about social history and its importance in telling our family history stories, Writing a Family History When You Don’t Have All the Facts. This week let’s dig a little deeper into this subject and discuss the variety of topics that make up social history and where to find these social histories.
You have a marriage certificate, which gives you a lot of lovely facts about your great grandmother’s wedding. However, it doesn’t tell us anything about the ceremony itself. Social history can do that. History and social history studies can tell us what the church looked like, the wedding customs of the day, her dress, his attire, the religious ceremony and even the weather for the day.
Social history along with the world, regional and local history is a great tool for reconstructing your ancestor’s entire world.
Suppose you don’t have a picture of your ancestor. You know he was a peasant farmer in the mid-west United States during 1850. Based on this information and by doing some social history research into farmers in that area, at that time, you can determine, the style of dress, hairstyles, facial hair. Look at his culture, religion, which also might add some insights into his appearance. Based on your social history research you can then surmise a brief description of his appearance. You know the expression a little goes a long way. In this case, it definitely applies. Give the reader just enough and let their imaginations fill in the rest.
Here is a list of some of the social history factors you can research when building your ancestor’s world.
| Architecture | Geography | Time and Season |
| Dating and Marriage | Old Age and Death | Family |
| Education | Occupation | Economy |
| Childraising | Health and Medicine | Technology |
| Cuisine | Fashion | Entertainment |
| Ethnicity | Language | Social Ranking |
| Law and Society | Military and War | Migration |
| Politics | Religion | Architecture |
Social histories are found in a variety of places. And just like your genealogy research don’t limit yourself to online resources only.
Books Stores – Online stories and brick and mortar stores, particularly those second-hand bookstores will often offer books on local histories and custom of the time.
Libraries – Online libraries, local and regional libraries, college and university libraries all great places to look for social histories.
Local Archives and Museums – Connect with the local archives and museums in the area your ancestors lived. They often have books written by local authors that have never made it to the internet or a bookstore including letters, memoirs and diaries of locals.
Local Historians – Local historians are well read on the local history and social history of the area. Ask your local archives or museum for a meeting with a local historian.
Social Historians – There are social historian societies, reach out to them to find a social historian knowledgeable on the particular subject you are researching.
Living with the Locals – Immerse yourself in the hometown of your ancestors. Learn from the locals, visit the local tourist organizations, take a walking tour.
Newspapers – Newspapers are an incredible social history resource. They provide not only local politics and events but local businesses, gossip, family events, marriages, deaths alongside the world and regional events.
If you would like to learn more, we discuss social history in detail in Authentic Ancestors, Workbook #2. Learn to use social history to bring your ancestor and their world to life on the page.
Also, check out our Social History Resources page, it contains links to many online websites that can help you with the details you require to add description and detail to your stories. Make sure you bookmark it we are always adding more links.
Probably the most commonly asked question throughout my online classes, speaking engagements, and workshops are how do I write my family history when I don’t have all the facts?
What do I do when I don’t have enough family history research?
What do I do if I’ve never met them; I don’t even have a picture of them?
How do I write their stories when my research just isn’t enough?
In my early days of writing my family history stories I wondered this myself. The answer is simple, and yet at the same time complicated; by placing your ancestor within the historical context of the time.
Historical context uses historical knowledge of people, events, trends, and cultures to shed some light on your ancestor. To get to know them on a more intimate level, to understand their actions and reactions to events in their life. When we take both the intimidate knowledge of our ancestors that we have acquired through our research and the understanding of the times in which they lived, we can interpret them and their actions. We can close in on those missing pieces of our stories.
It was a book called Bringing Your Family History to Life through Social History by Katherine Scott Sturdevant that helped me to understand historical context on a deeper level.
The simple statement in Katherine’s book brought it home for me. “Social history is the study of ordinary people’s everyday lives. ”
It all starts with your research, the documents, pictures, and artefacts you have acquired over the years. You’re ready to shape that story, but there are some holes, somethings you just don’t know enough about your ancestor that you feel is necessary to write their story. You then must turn to understanding the social history of your ancestor’s life. Even if there are no holes in your research, social history can give you a greater depth of knowledge of their life and decisions.
When we study social history, we place our ancestors in groups and understand and learn how these groups behaved. We can then begin to fill in some of those behaviours and thought patterns of our ancestors. When we place our ancestors into social groups based on their culture, religion, age, sex, social status (the list is plentiful), we begin to fill in the missing pieces. We start understanding our ancestor on a deeper level, have knowledge of their actions and reactions and the influences that shaped their decisions. We get inside their head.
As an example, if I wanted to write the story of my three times great-grandfather, I need to understand the social history of his day. What was life like for an Irish man in Kilkenny in 1820’s? What was it like to be a Catholic at that time? To be a peasant farmer? To be an immigrant during that period? How did he cope as an early settler in the rugged unchartered land known as Upper Canada? When I study these groups, I can help to understand what my ancestor experienced, put him in those experiences and ultimately understand his actions and reactions. Social history can help me to shed some light on who my ancestor was, on how and why he made the decisions that he made.
When we understand the historical context of our ancestor’s time, we can make some inferences about their lives.
An inference is an art of drawing from evidence to recognise the relevant results of something. It is the act of drawing conclusions based on a premise and accumulated facts. It is speculation. Genealogists speculate all the time. We draw assumptions based on what we suspect might be true scenarios based on the research we have acquired. An inference is the same. We can speculate on our ancestor’s lives not only based on our research but in addition to the historical and social history influences of the day.
By researching social history, the study of ordinary, similar people to your ancestors, and blending that information with the specific research of your ancestors you can paint a fuller story of your ancestor’s life.
Your inference is then based on solid social history research that you can in fact source and cite.
You will also state your conclusions directly never implying them and misleading the reader. When you write a statement of fact, you have a document that backs up your claim. If you do not then, you need to reword what you’ve written and make it clear that you are inferring or speculating.
You can use tag words such as ‘almost certainly,’ ‘probably,’ or ‘perhaps’ to indicate that you are speculating and to not mislead the reader.
In the article “Perhapsing”: The Use of Speculation in Creative Nonfiction, author Lisa Knopp explains,
In order to write the essay, Kingston needed a deeper, fuller understanding of her aunt’s life and a clearer picture of what happened the night she drowned. Since the only information Kingston had was the bare-bones story that her mother had told her, Kingston chose to speculate an interior life for her aunt. I call this technique “perhapsing.”
Your speculation can also come in the form of an introduction at the beginning of your story, such as in the case of Only a Few Bones by John Phillip Colletta. John lays out clearly to the reader that he is recreating the setting, that there are no fictional characters, and he depicts no action that is not suggested by documented circumstances. John goes on to state that he labels supposition. He also goes on to elaborate how he handles dialogue.
John states, “For family historians, therefore, this book represents a case study of how to build historical context around an ancestral event.”
When we infer or speculate we do so from evidence; evidence that we have accumulated through our genealogical data and social history research. We must have sufficient enough historical knowledge to infer, knowledge that can be cited and sourced. We can then conclude or deduce a conclusion based on a premise and our accumulated facts. We can interpret the peoples and or their actions. We can close in on those missing pieces and ultimately write a family history narrative that will satisfy the reader and that we trust is based on sound research, historical context and speculation.
An important part of writing our ancestor’s stories is building the world where they lived. Building an authentic world is the key to transporting our readers back in time. It’s not enough to just state the year and the location of your story, you have to show your readers what that world looked like. You can’t assume your reader will know anything about the time period your ancestor lived. They need the writer, you, to build the world, paint the picture, give colour, texture, and emotion to that world so that it comes to life for them and they are transported back in time.
Writers build a world on the page through detail and description and the same holds true for family history writers. Below are six tips you enlist to build the world of your ancestor. A world that emerges from the page so that your reader will not just read about it but travel back in time and experience it.
Where do you find these social and historical details?
Here at the Family History Writing Studio, we’ve started a resource list of social history links from across the web that can help you in your history and social history research. Click here to check out our list.
We also dedicate a great deal of time discussing how social history can help you know more about your ancestors, in Workbook #2, Authentic Ancestors. Now available on Amazon in paperback.
Authen
or as an e-book.
